Matangiro Akaita Mavhiri

Kana iwe waigona kudaidza danda vhiri, ipapo nhoroondo yavo inodzokera kumashure kusvika kuPaleolithic Era (Stone Age), apo mumwe munhu akafunga kuti zvinhu zvakakura, zvinorema zvaive nyore kufamba kana vakakungurutsira pamatanda.Vhiri rekutanga chairo ringangove vhiri remuumbi wehari, kubva munenge muna 3500 BC, uye vhiri rekutanga rakagadzirwa kuti rifambiswe pamwe raive vhiri rengoro yeMesopotamia kubva kumakore akapoteredza 3200 BC.

VaEgipita vekare vakafunga vhiri rekutanga rakataurika, uye maGiriki akaritora rimwe danho nekugadzira H-mhando vhiri rine crossbar.MaCelt akawedzera marimu esimbi akatenderedza mavhiri akapoteredza 1000 BC Mavhiri akaramba achikura uye achichinja nekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwevarairidzi, ngoro, uye ngoro, asi dhizaini yakagara yakafanana kwemazana emakore.

Waya matauriro akabuda muna 1802, apo GB Bauer paakawana patent pawaya tension yakataura yaipinda nepavhiri revhiri uye yakanamatira hub.Idzi dzakashanduka kuita marudzi emasipoki anoshandiswa kumavhiri ebhasikoro.Rubber pneumatic matayi akauya munenge muna 1845, akagadzirwa naRW Thompson.John Dunlop akavandudza matayi nokushandisa imwe mhando yerabha yaiita kuti bhasikoro rifambe zvakanaka.

Early Automobile Wheels

Vazhinji vanyori venhoroondo dzemotokari vanobvuma kuti mavhiri emotokari emazuva ano akatanga kuoneka muna 1885, Karl Benz paakagadzira mavhiri eBenz Patent-Motorwagen.Motokari iyoyo ine mavhiri matatu yaishandisa mavhiri ewaya ane sipoka uye matai erabha akaomarara aiita semavhiri ebhasikoro.Matai akavandudzwa mumakore akatevera, apo hama dzepaMichelin dzakatanga kushandisa rabha kumotokari, uye BF Goodrich akabva awedzera kabhoni kurabha kuti awedzere upenyu hwematayi emotokari.

Muna 1924, vagadziri vemavhiri vakashandisa simbi yakamonereka uye yakadhindwa kugadzira mavhiri edhisiki esimbi.Mavhiri aya airema asi ari nyore kugadzira nekugadzirisa.Pakabuda Ford Model-T, yakashandisa mavhiri epfuti emapuranga.Ford yakashandura aya kuti ave mavhiri akashongedzwa esimbi e1926 uye 1927 modhi.Matayi erabha chena asina kabhoni emavhiri aya aingogara mamaira zviuru zviviri uye kazhinji aingoenda mamaira makumi matatu kana makumi matatu nemana asati ada kugadziriswa.Matai aya aiva nemachubhu, uye aiboorwa nyore nyore uye dzimwe nguva aibva marimu awo.

Iko kushanduka kwevhiri remotokari kwakaenderera mberi muna 1934, apo marimu esimbi anodonha, apo pakati pevhiri paive pasi pemicheto, akabuda.Iyi dhizaini yekudonhedza-pakati yakaita kuti matai ekukwira ave nyore.

Mavhiri eAluminium akakura kupfuura zvaungafunga - mota dzekutanga dzemitambo dzakashandiswa mavhiri ealuminium.Bugatti Type 35 yakabereka mavhiri aruminiyamu muna 1924. Huremu hwawo hwakareruka hwakaita kuti mavhiri afambe nekukurumidza, uye kugona kwearuminiyamu kubvisa kupisa kwakagadzirwa kuti iite mabhureki zviri nani.Kubva muna 1955 kusvika muna 1958, Cadillac yakapa mavhiri e-hybrid steel-aluminium ane finlike stylized aluminium spokes akaiswa kune rim resimbi.Aya aiwanzovharirwa chrome, asi muna 1956 Cadillac yakabuda yese ndokupa kupera kwegoridhe-anodized kuEldorado yavo.

Iko kushanduka kwevhiri remotokari kwakakurumidza kuburikidza ne'50s uye '60s, sezvo maitiro uye motokari dzemijaho dzakaramba dzichitora aluminium-magnesium alloys yemavhiri.Alfa Romeo yakaburitsa mavhiri alloy paGTA yayo muna 1965, uye Ford yakaunza Mustang GT350 ine sarudzo yemavhiri mashanu-akataura Shelby/Cragar mavhiri akagadzirwa nealuminium yakakandwa ine chromed rim.Idzi dzakanga dzichiri dzakabatanidzwa nerimu resimbi, asi muna 1966 Ford yakagadzira imwe-piece cast-aluminium ten-spoke vhiri kuwanikwa.

Magnesium aluminum alloy wheels (kana kuti “mag” mavhiri) akagadzirwa naHalibrand akave vhiri resarudzo remujaho wemotokari kubva kuma'50s, uye mushure menguva yakati dzikava iyo yemhando yemota dzemumugwagwa weShelby.

Muna 1960, Pontiac akatevera kutungamira kwePanhard neCadillac modhi, achishandisa gumbo rine aruminiyamu centre riveted kune rimu resimbi rine chrome-plated nzungu.Mavhiri aya aifanira kushandisa adapta yaipihwa nemugadziri kuti ikwane michina yekuyera mavhiri yemazuva iwayo.Mavhiri aivewo nekavharo kahombe kepakati kaivhara makumbo.Pontiac akaita kuti mavhiri aya anopenya awanikwe kuburikidza ne1968;dzaidhura uye dzave kushoma uye dzinotsvakwa nevanotora motokari.

Porsche yakapinda munyika yealloy-vhiri muna 1966, pavakagadzira alloy-wheel standard pa911S.Porsche yakaramba ichishandisa mavhiri alloy pa911 kwemakore akawanda mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvakare yakadziisa payo 912, 914, 916, uye 944 modhi.Vagadziri vemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro uye vanoita vakaramba vachitora mavhiri alloy kubva kuma'60s zvichienda mberi.

Mukutanga kwema1970, Citroën yakatobuda nesimbi-yakasimbiswa resin vhiri.A Citroën SM achishandisa aya mavhiri eresin akahwina Rally yeMorocco muna 1971.

Ferrari yakaburitsa vhiri rayo rekutanga realloy vhiri, magnesium vhezheni yemigwagwa yayo 275 GTB, muna 1964. Gore rimwe chetero, Chevrolet yakaunza Corvette modhi ine Kelsey-Hayes aruminiyamu yepakati-kukiya mavhiri, iyo Chevy yakatsiva muna 1967 nebhaudhi- pamhando.Asi neCorvette C3 gore iroro, Chevrolet akarega chiedza-alloy yakagadziriswa mavhiri ealuminium uye haina kuunza shanduro yakafanana kusvika muna 1976.

Mavhiri akawedzera kukura mumakore ekuma90, nemasaizi akajairwa achiwedzera kubva pasi pe 15 inches kusvika pamusoro pe 17 inches, achitosvika 22 in 1998. “Spinners,” ayo anoramba achitenderera kuti aone kufarira kana mota isiri kufamba, yakamboona kuvandudzwa. mukurumbira muma'90s.

Magadzirirwo evhiri remangwana anosanganisira "tweel," vhiri risina mweya, risiri pneumatic rine masipoki, rakakodzera izvozvi chete kumota dzinovaka dzinofamba zvishoma.Iyo "tweel," yakagadziridzwa naMichelin, ine matambudziko makuru ekudengenyeka anopfuura mamaira makumi mashanu paawa, izvo zvinoita kuti dzisave nemukana wekuti agamuchirwe kushandiswa kwemugwagwa kusvika gadziridzo dzagadzirisa nyaya yekuzunguza.

Anodaidzwa kuti “anoshanda” mavhiri, akagadzirwawo naMichelin, anorongedza mativi akakosha emota, kunyangwe mota, mumavhiri pachawo.Active mavhiri ndeemotokari dzemagetsi chete.

Odds ichatora makore usati wazviwana uchikwira pa "tweels" kana "active vhiri."Zvichakadaro, simbi yako kana alloy mavhiri anokutora kubva papoint A kuenda kunongedza B zvakangonaka.Kunyange zvazvo akasimba uye akavimbika, magadzirirwo emavhiri emazuva ano anogona kukuvadzwa kubva mumikoto, makomba, migwagwa isina kunaka, uye kubonderana.Ungangoda kutsiva mavhiri ako kuti mota yako irambe ichimhanya zvakachengeteka nekubata kwakanaka uye kunyatsoshanda kwemafuta.TheRayone Wheelsinopa mavhiri epamusoro-soro kune akawanda anoita uye mhando, kubvaAudi mavhirikumavhiriBMWsuyeMaserati.Isu tiri Vepamusoro gumi fekitori yemavhiri emota muChina, tine tambo yekukanda, inoyerera yekugadzira mutsara uye tambo yefodya ine emhando yepamusoro mavhiri uye tsika sevhisi.